The measurement of late-pulses and after-pulses in the large area Hamamatsu R7081 photomultiplier with improved quantum-efficiency photocathode

TL;DR

This study measures late-pulses and after-pulses in large-area Hamamatsu R7081 PMTs with high quantum efficiency, crucial for accurate neutrino detection in underwater telescopes.

Contribution

It provides experimental data on late-pulse effects in R7081 PMTs using laser in single photoelectron mode, aiding in improved neutrino event reconstruction.

Findings

Late-pulse contribution is small but significant.

Measurements conducted at typical operational voltage settings.

Data supports better modeling of PMT response in neutrino telescopes.

Abstract

In recent years, large underwater telescopes have been designed and realized to measure high energy neutrinos from astrophysical objects. Muon tracks produced by the neutrino interaction in the surrounding medium are reconstructed from the arrival time and the number of photo-electrons of the Cherenkov light measured by the Photomultiplier tubes (PMT) array of the detector. For a correct reconstruction procedure, both the scattering of the light in the water and the late and after pulses produced in the PMTs must be considered. In this paper we report on this latter effect which has been measured in our laboratory using a laser in the single photoelectron mode (SPE) on a Hamamatsu R7081MOD 10" PMT with a high quantum efficiency photocathode. The PMT voltage supply was set to provide the 1 photo-electron peak at 10 pC as during normal operation: in this condition we find that the late-pulse contribution is small but not negligible.