AMPM I. A Targeted Search for Asteroid Mass Primordial Black Hole Microlenses

TL;DR

AMPM is a high-cadence stellar microlensing survey targeting the Large Magellanic Cloud to constrain primordial black hole dark matter in the asteroid to planetary mass range, analyzing five nights of data.

Contribution

Introduction of the AMPM survey, including data, detection pipeline, efficiency analysis, and impact of second-order effects on dark matter constraints.

Findings

Detected a single microlensing candidate in five nights.

AMPM can constrain up to 30% of primordial black hole dark matter at 95% confidence.

Second-order effects shift sensitivity toward lunar-mass black holes.

Abstract

Gravitational microlensing is a powerful technique for constraining the abundance of dark matter in asteroid mass to supermassive primordial black holes at masses of $-11 \lesssim \log M/\mathrm{M}_\odot \lesssim 5$. In this work, we introduce a new high-cadence stellar microlensing survey in the Large Magellanic Cloud, AMPM. The primary goal of AMPM is to place constraints in the asteroid-to-planetary-mass regime of primordial black hole dark matter. We present the five nights of survey data, the microlensing detection pipeline, and the microlensing efficiency of AMPM. We explore the impact of the stellar distribution in the Large Magellanic Cloud on the microlensing detection efficiency and conduct a detailed analysis of second-order microlensing effects and the impact on the primordial black hole dark matter constraints. Our findings indicate that these second-order effects shift the maximum sensitivity of AMPM toward the lunar-mass black hole regime at $10^{-8} - 10^{-6} \, M_{\odot}$. From the five nights of data, we detect a single microlensing candidate and find that AMPM can constrain at the 95\% C.L up to 30\% of the Galactic primordial black hole dark matter distribution.