OSSMM: An Open-Source Sleep Monitor and Modulator
Jonny Giordano, Fergal Stapleton, Gabriel Palma, Barak A. Pearlmutter

TL;DR
OSSMM is an affordable, open-source sleep monitoring platform using a wearable headband that captures multiple biosignals for sleep staging, enabling accessible sleep research and potential modulation.
Contribution
The paper introduces a low-cost, open-source hardware and software system for sleep monitoring that simplifies biosignal acquisition and demonstrates effective sleep staging with minimal electrodes.
Findings
Supports four-stage sleep classification with high accuracy
Uses inexpensive, reusable electrodes capturing EEG-like signals
Achieves sleep staging with just two frontal electrodes
Abstract
We present the Open-Source Sleep Monitor and Modulator (OSSMM), an open-source hardware and software platform for accessible sleep research. The OSSMM comprises a small wearable headband built from 3D prints and affordable commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components at a material cost under 40 euros, supported by a companion Android application. The system requires no conductive gels, disposable electrodes, or specialized equipment, and captures multiple biosignals movement, pulse, electrooculography (EOG), and putative electroencephalography (EEG) with wireless connectivity for data storage and potential sleep modulation capability via an onboard vibration motor. A proof-of-concept single-participant evaluation across 15 nights demonstrated that the captured biosignals support four-stage sleep classification (Wake, Light Sleep, Deep Sleep, REM) using conventional machine learning…
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