Periodic solutions for weakly damped systems

TL;DR

This paper studies the existence and properties of time-periodic solutions in weakly damped PDE systems under periodic forcing, linking decay rates, resolvent growth, and resonance phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework connecting energy decay, resolvent growth, and periodic solutions, with applications to various damped PDEs and a counterexample on resonance.

Findings

Link between decay speed and periodic solution existence

Characterization of resolvent growth and regularity loss

Counterexample showing resonance with unbounded solutions

Abstract

In this article, we investigate the existence and properties of time-periodic solutions for damped evolutionary partial differential equations subject to periodic forcing. Particular emphasis is placed on configurations where the energy decay of the corresponding free equation is non-uniform. We link the speed of decay and the existence of periodic solutions for the forced equation. Furthermore, we characterize the relationship between the resolvent growth and the associated loss of regularity. The theoretical framework is illustrated through several examples, including linear and nonlinear damped wave equations and coupled hyperbolic-parabolic systems. Finally, we provide a counterexample demonstrating the occurrence of resonance, in which regular but unbounded solutions emerge despite damping.