Enabling Agile Ambient IoT Networking via a Parameterized Hybrid Radio
Jiazhen Lei, Fengyuan Zhu, Tianze Cao, Yuxin Sha, Linling Zhong, Wenhui Li, Bingbing Wang, Zeming Yang, Jinyang Sun, Yibin Deng, Xiaohua Tian

TL;DR
Janus is a hybrid radio platform that unifies passive and active modes, enabling agile, low-power Ambient IoT networking and rapid protocol prototyping with comparable performance to dedicated radios.
Contribution
The paper introduces Janus, a configurable hybrid radio architecture that simplifies physical layer control for Ambient IoT, facilitating faster prototyping and standardization.
Findings
Janus achieves comparable communication performance to dedicated radios.
It significantly reduces configuration overhead.
The prototype supports diverse protocols like 3GPP A-IoT, IEEE 802.11 AMP, and Bluetooth.
Abstract
The emergence of Ambient IoT signals a paradigm shift toward massive batteryless networking. However, the absence of an agile physical layer substrate remains a fundamental barrier to research and standardization. Current testbeds are hindered by decoupled radio paths, high static power, and cumbersome control methods, which stifle rapid protocol prototyping. In this paper, we present Janus, the first hybrid active-passive configurable radio architected for agile Ambient IoT networking. Janus introduces a parameterized architecture that unifies passive and active transmission into a single RF front end, abstracting complex physical layer behaviors into concise parameters. This design enables a system-level control plane for dynamic mode transitions and an energy management plane for fine-grained harvesting across multiple sources. We implement a compact PCB prototype and evaluate its…
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