Properties of the quantum vacuum in non-abelian gauge theories

TL;DR

This thesis investigates the quantum vacuum properties of non-abelian gauge theories, focusing on boundary effects and the transition from massless to massive regimes using non-perturbative Monte Carlo methods.

Contribution

It provides a non-perturbative analysis of vacuum energy dependence on boundary conditions and explores the role of glueball masses in Casimir energy decay.

Findings

Vacuum energy varies with boundary conditions in non-abelian gauge theories.

Evidence suggests glueball masses influence exponential decay of Casimir energy.

Transition from polynomial to exponential decay linked to mass generation.

Abstract

In this thesis we analyze the quantum vacuum properties of non-abelian gauge theories. We calculate the energy of the quantum vacuum by non-perturbative methods using Monte Carlo simulations, focusing on the contribution of boundary effects to the Casimir energy. In particular, we analyze the dependence of the vacuum energy on the types of boundary conditions. The main goal is to clarify the behaviour of this energy for large separation L between the boundaries of the domain where the fields are confined. Usually this Casimir energy decreases polynomially with L for massless theories and exponentially for massive theories. Since gauge theories interpolate between these two regimes, being massless in the ultraviolet regime and massive in the infrared regime, one expects a very special change of behaviour from the perturbative to the non-perturbative approaches. In pure gauge theories there is evidence of the existence of glueball states in the low energy spectrum with a non-vanishing mass, the second goal will be testing if the mass of the lightest glueball is responsible for the exponential decay of the Casimir energy of gauge theories.