Junction Conditions and Gravitational Collapse in Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity

TL;DR

This paper develops junction conditions for Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity, enabling the modeling of gravitational collapse and horizon formation, resulting in RN-like black holes with specific properties.

Contribution

It introduces the formulation of junction conditions in STVG and applies them to model gravitational collapse with novel RN-like black hole outcomes.

Findings

Collapse can proceed with RN-like horizon formation in finite proper time.

Two models show formation of extremal and sub-extremal RN-like black holes.

Collapse models are consistent with the derived junction conditions.

Abstract

We formulate the junction conditions for Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity (STVG/MOG), proposed by J.~W.~Moffat. Using these conditions, the theory of gravitational collapse is constructed. In the collapsing process, an interior Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime with baryonic matter and dark energy is matched with an exterior static, spherically symmetric Reissner--Nordstr\"{o}m (RN)-like spacetime through a shell that carries STVG-charge. Starting from the standard STVG action, we derive the junction conditions across a boundary that relate the values of the various field quantities and their derivatives across the matching surface. Using the matching conditions and the nature of the collapsing shell, it is shown that a gravitational collapse can proceed in the present situation, and one can have RN-like horizon formation in finite proper time. We present two simplified models of gravitational collapse in this article: one ends up as an extremal RN-like black hole, and the other tends to collapse towards a sub-extremal RN-like black hole, as observed by an asymptotic observer at an infinite distance away from the collapsing system.