Fully Discrete High-Order DG Schemes for Waves: Dispersion and Observability

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the spectral properties and dispersion of high-order DG schemes for the wave equation, revealing trapping mechanisms and proposing spectral filtering to ensure observability.

Contribution

It introduces a spectral filtering strategy to restore uniform observability in high-order DG schemes affected by trapping mechanisms.

Findings

Trapping mechanisms cause vanishing group velocities at certain frequencies.

Spectral filtering can restore observability in fully discrete DG schemes.

Higher-order methods preserve larger physical frequency bands, reducing filtering costs.

Abstract

This paper investigates the spectral structure, numerical dispersion, and observability of fully discrete approximations of the one-dimensional wave equation by $P^k$ (local) discontinuous Galerkin methods. Characterizing the coupled space-time numerical dispersion reveals a trapping mechanism that forces the group velocities of both physical and spurious modes to vanish at selected frequencies. We then establish an exponential blow-up of order $\exp(h^{-(1-\varepsilon)})$ for the observability constant under this trapping mechanism. To overcome this divergence for arbitrary $k$, we propose a spectral filtering strategy to restore uniform observability. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments indicate that higher-order methods may facilitate this recovery by preserving a larger genuine physical frequency band, thereby reducing filtering cost and observation time.