Quantum Error Correction Assisted Axion Search in CMOS Spin Qubit Arrays

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that quantum error correction can significantly improve the sensitivity of solid-state spin qubit arrays in detecting axion-like dark matter, overcoming noise limitations.

Contribution

It introduces a QEC-based method integrated with entanglement to enhance axion search sensitivity in CMOS spin qubits, providing practical pathways for beyond-Standard-Model physics detection.

Findings

QEC reduces effective dephasing, restoring entanglement advantages.

Modest QEC cycles significantly improve sensitivity to axion-electron coupling.

QEC-protected sensing can achieve up to tenfold sensitivity improvements.

Abstract

Searches for axion and axionlike dark matter based on solid-state spin qubits are fundamentally limited by strong longitudinal dephasing, which rapidly suppresses the sensitivity gains offered by entanglement. Here we show that quantum error correction (QEC) can substantially enhance axion search sensitivity in realistic semiconductor spin qubit platforms by mitigating this dominant noise source. By integrating an optimally chosen repetition code QEC with logical GHZ block entanglement, we derive closed-form expressions for the quantum Fisher information that explicitly incorporate the finite coherence time of the axion field. Our analysis demonstrates that modest QEC cycle frequencies are sufficient to significantly reduce the effective dephasing rate, thereby restoring a broad parameter regime in which entanglement-enhanced sensing surpasses the standard quantum limit. Projecting these results onto CMOS-compatible device parameters, we find that QEC-protected entangled sensing can revive otherwise inaccessible quantum advantages, yielding up to order-of-magnitude improvements in sensitivity to the axion-electron coupling $g_{ae}$. These results establish a practical and theoretically controlled pathway for using QEC to improve qubit array searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.