Scanning through space and time: past, present, and future of time-resolved scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy

TL;DR

This review discusses the development, current applications, and future prospects of time-resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, emphasizing its role in studying nanoscale dynamical processes with high temporal and spatial resolution.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the pump-probe protocol in time-resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and explores future advancements with upgraded light sources.

Findings

Extensive use of the technique in magneto-dynamical studies since 2006

Recent applications demonstrating nanoscale dynamical imaging

Discussion of future developments with diffraction-limited light sources

Abstract

Time-resolved microscopy with the pump-probe protocol is one of the most important techniques for the investigation of dynamical processes at the nanoscale, thanks to the possibility of combining nanometric resolution imaging with sub-nanosecond temporal resolutions. Amongst the ensemble of time-resolved microscopy techniques, time-resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy has been, since its inception in 2006, extensively utilized for the study of magneto-dynamical processes. In this review, an overview of the concept and experimental implementations of the pump-probe protocol in time-resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy imaging will be presented together with some examples of recent applications of the technique. Possible future developments aimed at meeting the new opportunities and challenges offered by the upgrade of synchrotrons to diffraction limited lightsources will also be discussed.