Reducing the Complexity of Density-Matrix Functionals in a Real-Space-Decomposed DF+RDMF Scheme with the Adaptive Cluster Approximation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a real-space-decomposed DF+RDMF scheme with the adaptive cluster approximation to reduce computational complexity in electronic structure calculations, demonstrated on carbon suboxide.

Contribution

It formulates a local density-matrix functional approach with ACA compression, enabling efficient treatment of strongly correlated electrons in extended systems.

Findings

The method stabilizes a bent configuration of C3O2 consistent with experimental spectroscopy.

The approach preserves local interactions while reducing bath states via ACA.

It offers a systematic embedding hierarchy for combining density functionals with RDMF corrections.

Abstract

Reduced density-matrix functional theory (RDMFT) provides a variational route to electronic correlations beyond conventional density-functional approximations, but explicit evaluations of density-matrix functionals still scale exponentially with the number of active one-particle states. We formulate and assess a real-space-decomposed density-functional plus reduced-density-matrix-functional (DF+RDMF) scheme in which the Coulomb interaction is partitioned locally in real space and the RDMF correction is evaluated only for the strongly correlated part of the interaction. The resulting local density-matrix functionals are further compressed using the adaptive cluster approximation (ACA), which performs a unitary rotation of the bath subspace before truncation and therefore preserves the local interaction while reducing the number of explicitly correlated bath states. As a molecular test case, we consider the bending potential of carbon suboxide, C$_3$O$_2$. While semilocal PBE favors a linear molecule, the DF+RDMF/ACA correction stabilizes a bent configuration in qualitative agreement with the quasilinear behavior inferred from spectroscopy. The approach provides a systematic embedding hierarchy for combining density functionals with explicitly correlated density-matrix corrections in extended or spatially inhomogeneous systems.