Data-driven and distributed governance of building facilities management using decentralized autonomous organization, digital twin, and large language models

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel decentralized AI-driven framework for building management that enhances security, transparency, and stakeholder involvement using DAOs, digital twins, LLMs, and blockchain.

Contribution

It introduces an integrated distributed governance system for smart buildings combining blockchain, digital twins, LLMs, and DAO technology, with a full-stack application and evaluation.

Findings

System is cost-efficient and scalable.

Achieves high data security and usability.

Expert feedback highlights practical benefits and challenges.

Abstract

While traditional AI and data-driven facilities management approaches have improved building operational efficiency, they remain constrained by centralized organizational structures that are vulnerable to cyber attacks, limited contextual understanding, and decision-making processes that exclude key stakeholders from governance. This paper introduces a novel AI- and data-driven distributed governance framework for smart building management that integrates decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), digital twins, large language models (LLMs), and blockchain technology. The framework enables transparent collective decision-making through a DAO governance platform, implements data-driven management using IoT and digital twins, incorporates LLM-based virtual assistants for enhanced decision support, and utilizes blockchain for secure building automation. A full-stack decentralized application was developed to facilitate user interaction with these integrated components. The system was evaluated for cost efficiency, scalability, data security, and usability using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Expert interviews were also conducted to assess its practical benefits and implementation challenges.