Asymptotic profiles and large-time behavior for 3D micropolar fluid equations with possibly vanishing spin viscosity

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the large-time decay behavior of solutions to 3D micropolar fluid equations with possibly vanishing spin viscosity, providing explicit asymptotic profiles and decay rates for energy and fields.

Contribution

It establishes the asymptotic profile for linear solutions, introduces restricted Leray solutions for the nonlinear system, and proves their decay behavior matching the linear case.

Findings

Exact $L^2$-asymptotic profile computed for linear equations.

Existence of restricted Leray solutions for nonlinear micropolar system.

Energy decay rate of $O(t^{-5/2})$ for solutions, with faster decay of microrotation field.

Abstract

We consider 3D micropolar flows with possible vanishing spin viscosity and investigate the decay of the energy for large times. We compute first the exact $L^2$-asymptotic profile, as $t\to+\infty$, for solutions to the linear 3D micropolar equations, up to the second order. For the nonlinear micropolar system, we first establish the existence of restricted Leray solutions. This new notion of solutions is required because it is not known whether the weak finite energy solutions verify a strong energy inequality. Next, we study the large-time behavior of restricted Leray solutions, and prove that they behave asymptotically in $L^2$ like their linear counterpart, up to the critical algebraic decay rate $O(t^{-5/2})$ for the energy. Applying a remarkable linear enstrophy identity, we show that the microrotation field exhibits faster decay in $L^2$ than the velocity field, allowing us to impose our hypothesis on the velocity field only and not on the angular velocity.