Observational signatures of negative mass wormholes through their shadows

TL;DR

This paper explores the observational signatures of negative mass wormholes, including their shadows and optical appearances, highlighting differences from black holes and other wormholes through simulations and theoretical models.

Contribution

It introduces a model for negative mass wormholes, eliminates ghost issues in their construction, and compares their observational features with black holes and other wormholes.

Findings

Negative mass systems can form bound states despite repulsive forces.

Gravitational waves from negative mass systems show decreasing frequency and amplitude.

Negative mass wormholes exhibit distinct photon ring structures compared to black holes.

Abstract

We investigate systems containing objects with negative mass (NMOs). In a system consisting of one object with positive mass and one NMO, a bound state exists even though the force exerted by the NMO on the object with positive mass is repulsive. Unlike a standard system consisting of two objects with positive mass, the gravitational waves emitted from this system exhibit a decrease in frequency and amplitude over time. We propose a model of the time evolution of the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole, along with a formulation that eliminates the ghost that appears when constructing the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole, a candidate for an NMO. Furthermore, numerical simulations are performed to obtain the optical appearance of such NMOs. The observed luminosity is also compared with the Schwarzschild black hole and with the Simpson-Visser wormhole, leading to clear differences in the photon ring substructure around the central object.