Area of H\"older curves and coarea formula on the Heisenberg group

TL;DR

This paper establishes the coarea formula for Lipschitz maps from the Heisenberg group to Euclidean space, introducing new methods to handle unrectifiable fibers and their symplectic areas.

Contribution

It provides the first proof of the coarea formula in this setting, addressing unrectifiable fibers via a novel integral for symplectic area and geometric conditions for convergence.

Findings

Proves the coarea formula for Lipschitz maps in the Heisenberg group.

Introduces an integral to define symplectic area of curves and projections.

Shows the geometric condition holds for almost every fiber using beta-number estimates.

Abstract

We prove the coarea formula for Lipschitz maps from the subriemannian $n$th Heisenberg group $\mathbb H_n$ to $\mathbb R^{2n}$. Our result is new even when $n=1$ and provides the simplest vector-valued instance of the coarea formula in subriemannian geometry. This answers a question left open in the works of Magnani, Kozhevnikov, Magnani--Stepanov--Trevisan, and Julia--Nicolussi Golo--Vittone. The main difficulty of the proof is that a fiber of a $C^1_{\mathrm{H}}$ map $f: \mathbb H_n\to \mathbb R^{2n}$ is typically an unrectifiable curve. Its measure depends on the symplectic area of its projection to $\mathbb R^{2n}$. A bound on this area would imply the coarea formula, but examples of Kozhevnikov show that this area can be infinite or undefined. To overcome this, we introduce an integral that we use to define both the symplectic area of $\frac{1}{2}$--H\"older curves in $\mathbb R^{2n}$ and the symplectic area of projections of vertical curves in $\mathbb H_n$. Then, we give a geometric condition for this integral to converge. This yields, in addition, new results on the existence of the signed area of $\tfrac12$--H\"older planar curves that may be of independent interest. Finally, we use $\beta$--number estimates from the F\"assler--Orponen Dorronsoro Theorem to show that this geometric condition holds for almost every fiber.