Integrability of oscillators and transcendental invariant curves

TL;DR

This paper investigates the integrability of nonlinear oscillators using a novel approach based on transcendental invariant curves, enabling the identification of non-Liouvillian and non-Puiseux integrable systems through linear ODE solutions.

Contribution

It introduces an efficient method for finding first integrals and integrating factors via classification of transcendental invariant curves, expanding the understanding of integrability in nonlinear oscillators.

Findings

Proved non-Liouvillian integrability of two systems from Painlevé-Gambier classification.

Established non-Puiseux integrability of a specific oscillator.

Constructed equivalence classes of dynamical systems under nonlocal transformations.

Abstract

In this work we study the integrability of a family of nonlinear oscillators. Dynamical systems from this family appear in different applications from mechanics to chemistry. We propose an approach for finding first integrals and integrating factors, which is based on the construction and classification of transcendental invariant curves whose cofactors are polynomial or rational in one of the variables. We demonstrate that this approach can be efficiently used for finding non-Liouvillian and non-Puiseux integrable dynamical systems. Its application involves finding solutions only of linear algebraic and linear ordinary differential equations. This allows one to study singularities, including essential ones, of the invariant curves in the complex plane. We illustrate this approach by proving non-Liouvillian integrability of two dynamical systems from the Painlev\'e--Gambier classification and non-Puiseux integrability of an oscillator from the considered family. Furthermore, we construct equivalence classes of the first two dynamical systems with respect to nonlocal transformations. We show that among these equivalence classes there are interesting examples of integrable dynamical systems.