Generating collective spin cat states via photon-number measurements near the Dicke critical point

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to generate large collective spin cat states in atomic ensembles by leveraging the Dicke model's critical point, using photon-number measurements to herald the states.

Contribution

It demonstrates a novel approach to produce matter-based cat states via photon-number measurements near the Dicke phase transition, linking criticality to enhanced state size.

Findings

Photon-number measurement heralds large spin cat states.

Near-critical regime increases cat-state size and measurement probability.

Thermodynamic analysis reveals the generation mechanism.

Abstract

We propose a method for generating collective spin cat states in a cavity-coupled atomic ensemble by exploiting strong light-matter entanglement and anti-squeezing associated with the superradiant phase transition. We numerically and analytically demonstrate that the cat states can be heralded by photon-number measurement on the ground state of the Dicke model. The near-critical regime enhances both the cat-state size and the probability of obtaining larger photon-number outcomes, and outcomes with larger photon numbers yield even larger cat states. We also show that a thermodynamic-limit analysis clarifies the generation mechanism and connects it to a natural light-matter analogue of generalized photon subtraction for optical cat-state generation. These results suggest that exploiting criticality in strongly coupled light-matter systems could open new directions for matter-based many-body quantum technologies.