Chiral-Mode Control around a Hermitian Diabolic Point in Discrete Non-Hermitian Coupled Resonators

TL;DR

This paper investigates how infinitesimal complex perturbations near a Hermitian diabolic point in coupled resonators induce chiral mode selection, revealing novel fractional scaling and control mechanisms for chiral photonic devices.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of an asymptotic exceptional point (AEP) and demonstrates its role in enabling efficient chirality switching in non-Hermitian photonic systems.

Findings

AEP induces chiral-mode selection with fractional ${rac{3}{2}}$ power scaling.

Chirality switching can occur directly via AEP or through EP pairs.

AEP-based control can outperform traditional EP-based methods in high-resolution regimes.

Abstract

Motivated by the prospect of chiral-mode control in compact photonic systems, we analyze discrete coupled single-mode resonators. Using the minimal three-resonator model, we show that an infinitesimal complex onsite perturbation near a Hermitian diabolic point (DP) induces chiral-mode selection, governed by what we term an asymptotic exceptional point (AEP). Here, an AEP denotes a Hermitian DP equipped with a non-Hermitian perturbation that induces an asymptotically defective effective Hamiltonian. The eigenvectors coalesce in the asymptotic limit toward the DP, although the Hamiltonian at the point itself remains diagonalizable. Operationally, this AEP response realizes chirality switching from an achiral state to a chiral state. The associated eigenvalue response exhibits the anomalous fractional-power scaling ${\Delta}{\lambda} \propto {\varepsilon}^{3/2}$, distinct from the square-root response of an ordinary exceptional point (EP). We further show that, in a broader two-parameter perturbation space, ordinary EPs lie on exceptional-line branches that meet at the AEP. A finitebias control sweep crosses these branches at an EP pair, enabling chirality reversal between opposite chiral states. The central message is therefore that the AEP organizes two related routes for chirality switching: direct switching from an achiral state to a chiral state via the AEP, and switching between opposite chiral states via an EP pair in the vicinity of the AEP. Within a finite-resolution averaging model, these two operating points exhibit different practical performance characteristics, and under sufficiently high control resolution, the AEP operating point can become more favorable than the EP-pair operating point, suggesting a route toward compact and low-energy chiral photonic devices.