Control of the Fluidic Pinball using the Quadratic-Quadratic Regulator

TL;DR

This paper introduces a model-based nonlinear feedback control strategy using interpolatory model order reduction and quadratic-quadratic regulator to stabilize complex wake flows in the fluidic pinball, outperforming traditional linear control.

Contribution

The study develops and demonstrates a combined IMOR and QQR framework for effective nonlinear flow control in the fluidic pinball, a complex benchmark problem.

Findings

QR controller stabilizes wake at Re_D=50 where linear control fails

QR controller reduces vortex shedding and drag more effectively

QR controller achieves faster stabilization at Re_D=30

Abstract

The fluidic pinball presents a significant benchmark for nonlinear flow control, managing the complex interactions of three cylinder wakes. This study addresses the stabilization of the fluidic pinball to its unstable steady-state solution using a model-based nonlinear feedback strategy. We propose a framework that combines interpolatory model order reduction (IMOR) with the quadratic-quadratic regulator (QQR), a feedback control methodology that is specifically suited to the quadratic nonlinearity of the Navier-Stokes equations. A finite element model (FEM) of the problem coupled with IMOR is used to produce a reduced-order model (ROM) that accurately represents the input-output dynamics of the actuated wake. The performance of the QQR control is evaluated against the traditional linear feedback control for two different Reynolds numbers, $Re_D = 30$ and $Re_D = 50$. At $Re_D = 30$, the QQR controller is able to stabilize the wake and reaches the desired performance criteria 40.1\% faster than using a linear feedback controller. More significantly, at $Re_D = 50$, the QQR controller successfully stabilizes the wake, whereas the linear controller fails to overcome the nonlinearity of the flow. The QQR control effectively suppresses vortex shedding, resulting in the elimination of lift oscillations and a reduction in the drag coefficient. These results demonstrate that the IMOR-QQR framework provides an effective model-based control strategy that can manage nonlinear hydrodynamic instabilities in such complex wake flows.