Stokes-anti-Stokes correlations of light propagating through weakly guiding optical fiber

TL;DR

This paper models the spatial coherence and non-classical correlations of Stokes and anti-Stokes light in weakly guiding optical fibers, explaining how fiber modes affect quantum correlations.

Contribution

It provides a quantitative model linking fiber mode orthogonality to the suppression of non-classical correlations in Raman scattering.

Findings

Non-classical correlations persist in macroscopic samples.

Correlations decrease with increasing fiber modes.

The model explains the suppression of correlations due to mode orthogonality.

Abstract

Statistical properties of light produced in spontaneous Raman scattering on an ensemble of molecules indicate the quantum nature of this phenomenon. The scattered light is non-classical and has high non-classical intensity correlations between Stokes and anti-Stokes components. The temporal coherence of this light is well investigated, while many questions related to spatial coherence remain open. Recent experiments reveal two peculiar features of the spatial coherence of the Stokes and anti-Stokes light. First, the intensity correlations between Stokes and anti-Stokes light remain non-classical even for macroscopic samples containing many molecules. Second, these correlations decrease when signal propagates through a multi-mode optical fiber: the more propagating fiber modes at Stokes and anti-Stokes frequencies the less the correlations. Moreover, the second-order autocorrelation function of Stokes and anti-Stokes light also decreases with the number of propagating modes in multi-mode fiber. In this paper, we build a model of spontaneous Raman scattering correlations of light produced by an ensemble of molecules and propagating through weakly guiding optical fiber that quantitatively explains all these observations. We show that spacial orthogonality of the fiber modes makes the light propagating through these modes uncorrelated in the standard detection scheme. This leads to suppression of non-classical intensity correlations of the total field in the multi-mode fiber. We find the degree of non-classical correlations on fiber parameters. The obtained results pave the way for engineering of non-classical Stokes -- anti-Stokes correlations.