Fourth order correlation of baryon number and electric charge as a better magnetometer of QCD

TL;DR

This paper investigates fourth order correlations among baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness in QCD, finding that certain correlations serve as sensitive indicators of magnetic fields at the phase transition.

Contribution

It introduces the use of fourth order correlations as enhanced magnetometers for QCD, analyzed within a three-flavor PNJL model considering inverse magnetic catalysis.

Findings

Fourth order correlation $^{BQ}_{31}$ is highly sensitive to magnetic fields.

Chiral restoration phase transition shows increased correlation sensitivity.

Fourth order correlations outperform second order in detecting magnetic effects.

Abstract

This work focuses on the fourth order correlations $\chi^{BQ}_{31}$, $\chi^{QB}_{31}$, $\chi^{BQ}_{22}$, $\chi^{BS}_{31}$, $\chi^{SB}_{31}$, $\chi^{BS}_{22}$, $\chi^{QS}_{31}$, $\chi^{SQ}_{31}$, $\chi^{QS}_{22}$, $\chi^{BQS}_{211}$, $\chi^{QBS}_{211}$, $\chi^{SBQ}_{211}$ of baryon number $B$, electric charge $Q$ and strangeness $S$ at finite temperature, magnetic field and vanishing quark chemical potential. The study is carried out in the framework of a three-flavor PNJL model, considering both cases with and without inverse magnetic catalysis effect. We find that, fourth order correlations $\chi^{BQ}_{31}$ at chiral restoration phase transition is more sensitive to the magnetic field than other second order and fourth order correlations and fluctuations, and can be served as a more effective magnetometer of QCD.