Blind Quantum Computation on a Modular Superconducting Processor

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a measurement-based blind quantum computation protocol on a modular superconducting processor, ensuring data privacy while executing a quantum algorithm, and highlights its potential for near-term quantum hardware.

Contribution

First implementation of blind quantum computation on a superconducting circuit, showing feasibility and security analysis with a modular architecture.

Findings

Successfully executed a three-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm blind protocol.

Verified negligible information leakage to the server during computation.

Established key elements for future blind quantum computing in superconducting systems.

Abstract

Current cloud-based quantum processors offer access to advanced hardware hosted on a remote server, but do not guarantee data or algorithm privacy. Blind quantum computation provides information-theoretic privacy by enabling a client to execute an algorithm without disclosing information about either the task or the final result. Here, we execute a measurement-based blind quantum computation protocol on a superconducting processor comprising two flip-chip-bonded modules, one acting as a server and the other as a client. The server generates a two-dimensional cluster state and forwards it to the client. Using this resource, the client implements a universal gate set with only adaptive single-qubit rotations and measurements. To illustrate this approach, we execute a three-qubit instance of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. We analyze the server's quantum state after each rotation of a measurement-based single-qubit gate to verify that negligible information about the computation is revealed to the server, consistent with the one-way flow of information that guarantees blindness. This proof-of-principle demonstration establishes key elements of blind quantum computation in superconducting-circuit architectures, indicating that intermediate-scale implementations of blind protocols may become feasible with realistic near-term improvements in gate fidelities.