Black-hole formation and thermalization in open JT gravity

TL;DR

This paper extends holographic Lindblad dynamics to non-Markovian settings in JT gravity, demonstrating black hole formation through numerical simulations of open quantum systems.

Contribution

It introduces a non-Markovian extension of holographic Lindblad equations and shows black hole formation in JT gravity coupled to a scalar field.

Findings

Black hole formation occurs dynamically in the model.

Numerical simulations confirm thermalization in the boundary theory.

The approach applies to semiclassical and high-temperature regimes.

Abstract

Black-hole formation is expected, via holography, to correspond to thermalization in the boundary theory. For open quantum systems, an initial pure state generically evolves into a mixed state irreversibly, suggesting that horizon formation in the bulk should arise. In this paper, we extend the holographic Lindblad prescription to a non-Markovian setting and apply it to JT gravity coupled to a scalar field. Using numerical simulations in the semiclassical and high-temperature regime, we demonstrate the dynamical formation of black holes.