C-Phase-Aware Compilation for Efficient Fault-Tolerant Quantum Execution

TL;DR

This paper introduces a microarchitecture-aware compilation method for fault-tolerant quantum computers that leverages C-Phase operation commutativity to enhance parallelism and reduce execution time.

Contribution

It presents a novel compilation approach that integrates algorithmic structure with lattice surgery, enabling concurrent operations and dynamic scheduling to optimize resource utilization.

Findings

Achieves up to 59.7× reduction in execution time.

Transforms sequential gate sequences into concurrent multi-target interactions.

Effectively models spatial layout and routing constraints for better scheduling.

Abstract

Achieving practical quantum advantage on fault-tolerant quantum computers (FTQC) is fundamentally constrained by the substantial spatial and temporal overheads required to map logical operations onto physical hardware. Existing compilation approaches typically adopt coarse-grained, slice-based abstractions that overlook fine-grained microarchitectural effects, such as routing contention, leading to inefficient resource utilization and limited alignment between algorithm structure and hardware capabilities. This work presents a microarchitecture-aware compilation approach that integrates algorithmic structure directly with lattice surgery (LS) execution. By leveraging the commutativity of C-Phase operations, the method transforms inherently sequential gate sequences into concurrent multi-target interactions, effectively removing artificial dependencies and exposing significant instruction-level parallelism. To enable this, we design a dynamic, event-driven scheduling strategy that accurately models spatial layout and routing constraints, allowing operations to overlap in time while minimizing contention. Through improved coordination of computation and communication, this approach substantially reduces idle resources and achieves up to a 59.7$\times$ reduction in execution time compared to standard baselines.