Tidal disruption of a low-mass star in an active galactic nucleus as the origin of the PS16dtm outburst

TL;DR

This paper investigates a tidal disruption event in an active galactic nucleus, modeling the disruption of a low-mass star and analyzing spectral and luminosity data to understand the event's nature.

Contribution

It presents a detailed analysis of PS16dtm, proposing a low-mass star disruption as the origin, with novel modeling of the event's spectral and luminosity evolution.

Findings

Disrupted a $ ilde 0.3 M_{ m iny ext{sun}}$ star or a low-mass giant.

Event likely caused by a star on a counter-rotating orbit.

Observed features include a double-peak light curve and low blackbody temperature.

Abstract

The event PS16dtm, which occured in the center of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy SDSS J015804.75-005221.8 (z = 0.080440), is one of the few candidates for a tidal disruption event in an already-acretting active galactic nucleus (AGN). We aim to shed light on the character of the tidal disruption event in this source since it exhibits unusual peculiarities, such as the double-peak optical/UV light curve and a low blackbody temperature with a lack of X-ray emission. We perform spectral analysis of the source before and during the event. We model the time evolution of the luminosity profile using a numerical code that describes the viscous evolution of the flow. From the combined spectral and timing studies, we interpret the event as the disruption of a $\sim 0.3 M_{\odot}$ main-sequence star, or gradual partial disruption of the low-mass giant star. The star is likely on a circular orbit, embedded in the accretion disc. The discussion of the evolution of the star rather suggests that the orbit is counter-rotating. We observe the system at a sufficiently large viewing angle that the actual disruption process is not directly observed. The disrupted star and inner disc are shielded from the observer by a gaseous envelope. Further observations of the system returning to the previous NLS1 state, particularly in the X-ray band, are needed to confirm the proposed scenario and to put constraints on the return to a regular NLS1 state.