Cosmological perturbations in the theory of gravity with non-minimal derivative coupling. I. Modes of perturbations

TL;DR

This paper analyzes scalar, vector, and tensor cosmological perturbations within a gravity theory featuring non-minimal derivative coupling, revealing unique amplification behaviors during inflation that differ from standard cosmology.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive set of equations for perturbation modes and explores their evolution analytically and numerically in a non-minimal derivative coupling framework.

Findings

All perturbation modes are amplified during the inflationary stage.

Vector modes are also amplified, which is distinct from standard Friedmann cosmology.

The behavior of perturbations transitions to standard cosmology after inflation.

Abstract

We consider perturbations in the isotropic and homogeneous cosmological model with the spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric in the framework of the theory of gravity with non-minimal derivative coupling. The Lagrangian of the theory contains the coupling term $\eta G^{\mu\nu}\nabla_\mu\phi \nabla_\nu\phi$ and represents the particular example of a general Horndeski Lagrangian, which results in second-order field equations. It is known that the non-minimal derivative coupling crucially changes scenarios of the Universe evolution on early times. In particular, the $\eta$-term is dominating on early times and leads to a primary quasi-de Sitter (inflationary) stage which needs no fine-tuned potential. On late times the influence of non-minimal derivative coupling on the Universe evolution completely disappears, and this naturally leads to the transition to the standard cosmological evolution (post-inflationary stage). We have derived a complete set of equations which describe an evolution of scalar, vector and tensor modes of perturbations. All modes are analyzed analytically in two asymptotic cases, and then we construct exact numerical solutions which describe an entire evolution of the modes. We show that all modes, including vector ones, are amplified in the quasi-de Sitter (inflationary) stage, and such the behavior is cardinally distinct from that in Friedmann cosmology.