Ghost State of Light

TL;DR

This paper reports the experimental observation of long-lived ghost states of light in an optical cavity, enabled by nonlinear response with memory, with lifetimes vastly exceeding the cavity photon lifetime.

Contribution

It identifies a mechanism using nonlinear response with memory to access and observe ghost states with extremely long lifetimes in optical cavities.

Findings

Ghost states have lifetimes over ten orders of magnitude longer than the cavity photon lifetime.

Ghost states manifest as a plateau in the relaxation dynamics of cavity transmission.

Ghost lifetime depends on memory time and bifurcation proximity, showing scaling behavior.

Abstract

We report the observation of a long-lived non-stationary state of light in a single-mode optical cavity. The observed state is a ghost of a saddle-node bifurcation which creates a bottleneck in phase space. While such ghosts are known to exist, accessing them is challenging because it requires a mechanism that steers the relaxation pathway away from the true attractor and into the bottleneck where the ghost emerges. Here we identify such a mechanism, namely a nonlinear response with memory. Our experimental system leverages this mechanism, enabling us to observe ghost states with lifetimes exceeding the cavity photon lifetime by more than ten orders of magnitude, even in the presence of strong fluctuations. The ghost manifests as a plateau in the relaxation dynamics of the cavity transmission, reminiscent of prethermalization. We show how the ghost lifetime depends on the memory time and the distance to the bifurcation, and we observe signatures of scaling in the distribution of ghost lifetimes at fixed driving conditions. Our work establishes minimal conditions for realizing parametrically long-lived non-stationary states.