Collective amplification and anisotropic narrowing of alignment signals in cesium vapor under strong spin exchange near zero magnetic field

TL;DR

This study investigates the anisotropic behavior and nonlinear effects of alignment signals in cesium vapor under strong spin-exchange near zero magnetic field, revealing potential for quantum sensing applications.

Contribution

It provides experimental evidence and a theoretical model explaining anisotropic alignment signals and nonlinear phenomena in cesium vapor under strong spin exchange conditions.

Findings

Anisotropy of Hanle resonances increases with concentration.

Observation of signal amplification, bistability, hysteresis, and memory effects.

Ultra-narrow alignment resonances with potential for quantum sensing.

Abstract

We present the results of an experimental study of the anomalous anisotropy of alignment signals in cesium vapors under strong spin-exchange conditions near zero magnetic field with linearly polarized optical pumping. We show that the anisotropy of the Hanle resonances in the plane perpendicular to the pump beam increases with concentration: in one direction the widths remain broadened by spin-exchange, whereas in the other they approach the spin-exchange relaxation free limit. With a further increase in concentration, additional nonlinear effects arise, such as signal amplification, bistability, hysteresis, and memory. To explain these effects we construct a illustrative theoretical model incorporating spontaneous polarization effects under strong spin exchange conditions. The model qualitatively shows that the ultra-narrow alignment resonances may originate from quadrupole anisotropy arising from the projection of spontaneous transverse orientation onto the detection axis. The unique properties of these resonances, such as their extremely small width and magnetic field-controlled bistability with a long-term memory effect, make them promising for use in quantum sensing and information.