Dissipative Dynamics and Active Stabilization of Linear and Nonlinear Waves in Non-PT-Symmetric Harmonic Traps

TL;DR

This paper explores how engineered complex potentials influence the dissipative behavior of linear and nonlinear waves in harmonic traps, demonstrating methods to stabilize nonlinear waves through nonlinearity modulation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach of time-dependent nonlinearity modulation to stabilize nonlinear waves in non-Hermitian systems, extending control strategies in photonics and condensates.

Findings

Linear waves form stationary states at the trap center due to damping.

Nonlinear waves tend to decay or collapse without additional control.

Modulating nonlinearity creates long-lived, stable non-equilibrium states.

Abstract

We investigate the dissipative dynamics of linear and nonlinear waves in harmonic traps by means of engineered complex non-Hermitian potentials. By combining an analytical mapping between real and complex Schr\"odinger equations with direct numerical simulations, we show that while in the linear case the damped motion leads to the formation of a stationary state at the trap center, in the nonlinear case a static potential design alone is insufficient to ensure long-term stability. Instead, the system relaxes toward a long-lived metastable configuration that eventually undergoes decay or collapse. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a time-dependent modulation of the nonlinearity that effectively converts these metastable states into robust non-equilibrium stationary states. This approach establishes a general strategy for controlling nonlinear waves in non-Hermitian systems, with potential applications in photonics and Bose--Einstein condensates.