A Guide to Fully Characterize the Fracture Properties of Cementitious Materials from Simple Experiments

TL;DR

This paper introduces three simple experiments to fully characterize the fracture properties of cementitious materials, enabling prediction of crack behavior under various loading conditions.

Contribution

It proposes a practical suite of experiments to measure elastic, strength, and fracture toughness properties for cementitious materials, facilitating fracture prediction.

Findings

Experiments accurately determine elastic, strength, and toughness properties.

Properties obtained predict fracture nucleation and propagation in structures.

Validation against bending tests confirms the method's effectiveness.

Abstract

Guided by recent advances in the understanding of nucleation and propagation of fracture in elastic brittle materials, this paper proposes a suite of three simple experiments that permit the measurement of the three macroscopic material properties governing when and where cracks nucleate and propagate in structures made of cementitious materials that are subjected to arbitrary monotonic quasi-static loading conditions. The first experiment is that of the uniaxial compression of a cylindrical specimen, which enables the extraction of the elastic properties -- namely, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio -- as well as the uniaxial compressive strength. The second experiment is the Brazilian fracture test, performed with flat platens on a material disk to determine the uniaxial tensile strength. Having knowledge of the uniaxial compressive and uniaxial tensile strengths then allows for the estimation of the strength surface of the material via interpolation (e.g., a Drucker-Prager fit). Finally, the third experiment is the wedge split test on a notched cube, which yields the fracture toughness. We demonstrate by means of direct comparisons with four-point and three-point bending tests on both unnotched and notched beams made of a 3D-printable mortar mixture that the elasticity, strength, and toughness properties obtained from the proposed tests are sufficient to predict the nucleation and propagation of fracture for any structure (granted separation of length scales) made of cementitious materials under any monotonic quasi-static loading condition.