KAN Text to Vision? The Exploration of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Multi-Scale Sequence-Based Pose Animation from Sign Language Notation

TL;DR

This paper introduces KANMultiSign, a multi-scale sequence generator that translates sign language notation into realistic pose sequences, utilizing a novel coarse-to-fine strategy and Kolmogorov--Arnold Network modules within a Transformer backbone.

Contribution

It presents a multi-scale supervision approach combined with Kolmogorov--Arnold Networks for efficient, accurate sign language pose generation from symbolic notation.

Findings

KANMultiSign reduces joint error compared to baseline models.

Multi-scale supervision significantly improves pose generation quality.

KAN modules enable compact models with fewer parameters.

Abstract

Sign language production from symbolic notation offers a scalable route to accessible sign animation. We present KANMultiSign, a multi-scale sequence generator that translates HamNoSys notation into two-dimensional human pose sequences. Our framework makes two complementary contributions. First, we introduce a coarse-to-fine generation strategy with multi-scale supervision: the model is first guided by an intermediate body--hand--face scaffold to encourage global structural coherence, and then refines fine-grained hand articulation to improve finger-level detail. Second, we investigate integrating Kolmogorov--Arnold Network modules into a Transformer backbone, using learnable univariate function primitives to model the highly non-linear mapping from discrete phonological symbols to continuous body kinematics with a compact parameterization. Experiments on multiple public corpora spanning Polish, German, Greek, and French sign languages show consistent reductions in dynamic time warping based joint error compared with a strong notation-to-pose baseline, while using substantially fewer parameters. Controlled ablations further indicate that KAN-based variants substantially reduce parameter count while maintaining competitive performance when coupled with multi-scale supervision, rather than serving as the main driver of accuracy gains. These findings position multi-scale supervision as the key mechanism for improving notation-conditioned pose generation, with KAN offering a compact alternative for efficient modeling. Our code will be publicly available.