Quantum Capacitor: A Coherence-Based Quantum Energy Storage Device

TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantum capacitor that leverages quantum coherence for ultrafast, reversible energy storage and release, bridging quantum thermodynamics and nanoscale energy devices.

Contribution

It proposes a novel quantum energy storage device focusing on reactive energy and rapid discharge, distinct from traditional quantum batteries.

Findings

Defines a quantum capacitance related to energy susceptibility.

Analyzes charging dynamics and coherence effects.

Discusses environmental decoherence impact.

Abstract

Quantum batteries have recently emerged as promising candidates for microscopic energy-storage technologies exploiting uniquely quantum mechanical effects. In this work, we introduce the concept of a quantum capacitor, a quantum device designed for reversible and ultrafast energy storage and release through coherent quantum polarization. Unlike conventional quantum batteries, whose primary focus is maximizing extractable work, the proposed quantum capacitor emphasizes reactive energy accumulation, coherence-assisted charging, and rapid discharge dynamics analogous to classical capacitive systems. We formulate a minimal theoretical framework based on a driven two-level system and define a quantum capacitance associated with the susceptibility of stored energy to external driving. We further discuss charging dynamics, coherent oscillatory behavior, and the role of environmental decoherence. Our proposal establishes a bridge between quantum thermodynamics, quantum coherence theory, and nanoscale energy-storage architectures.