Spin Quadrupolar orders in $d$-wave Unconventional Magnetism

TL;DR

This paper explores how intrinsic $d$-wave spin-splitting in unconventional magnetic states leads to real-space spin quadrupole distributions through the influence of a weak crystal potential, linking momentum and real-space spin orders.

Contribution

It demonstrates that a weak periodic crystal potential can induce real-space spin quadrupole order from momentum-space $d$-wave spin-splitting without enlarging the unit cell.

Findings

Weak crystal potential induces spin quadrupole distribution

Momentum-space multipoles relate to real-space spin orders

No unit cell enlargement needed for spin quadrupole formation

Abstract

Unconventional magnetism represents a class of metallic states whose Fermi surfaces exhibit spin-dependent splittings under the non-trivial representations of the rotation group. The $d$-wave $\alpha$-phase unconventional magnetic state, commonly known as altermagnet, recently, has attracted significant attention. While these systems exhibit distinct anisotropic $d$-wave characteristics in momentum space, how this microscopic topology translates into the spin distributions in real space remains a question. In this work, we bridge the intrinsic spin quadrupolar ordering in momentum space to the real-space staggered magnetic distribution. By introducing a weak, non-magnetic periodic crystal potential into a $d$-wave unconventional magnetic state, the spin-charge cross susceptibility is calculated by using the linear response theory. We reveal that the interplay between the crystal potential and the intrinsic $d$-wave spin-splitting naturally induces a spatial spin quadrupole distribution without enlarging the unit cell. Our study thus provides a physical connection between momentum-space multipoles in the even partial wave channel and real-space spin multipole orders.