A study of multicavity concept applied to hexagonal coaxial haloscopes

TL;DR

This paper explores scalable multicavity designs for high-frequency axion haloscopes using hexagonal coaxial geometries, introducing a novel tuning mechanism and analyzing the feasibility of multi-subcavity configurations to improve sensitivity.

Contribution

It presents a new multicavity architecture with a rotation-based tuning method and analyzes the potential of quad-subcavity systems within radial constraints.

Findings

Triple-subcavity design improves sensitivity by a factor of 3 over single-cavity.

Feasibility of four-subcavity systems confirmed with optimized wall thicknesses.

Discussion of practical challenges like mode splitting and thermal management.

Abstract

In this work, a study on the development of scalable multicavity architectures for axion haloscopes, based on a hexagonal coaxial geometry operating at $30$ GHz frequencies, is presented. To enhance the scanning rate and sensitivity within the limited volume of experimental magnet bores, the transition from a baseline single-cavity design to dual and triple-subcavity configurations is investigated. A novel tuning mechanism based on the rotation of one or two inner hexagonal prisms is implemented, providing a robust method to shift the resonant frequency while maintaining high form and quality factors. The results show that the triple-subcavity design achieves an improvement of $\times3$ over the single-cavity baseline. The scaling potential of quad-subcavity architectures under a strict radial constraint of $25$ mm is further explored. Theoretical analysis confirms that a four-subcavity system is feasible within a certain radial clearance, provided that wall thicknesses are strategically optimised to ensure frequency stability. The practical challenges associated with mode splitting, manufacturing tolerances, and thermal management in these high-order systems are also discussed. This one-port multicavity approach offers a viable path toward increasing the sensitive volume of haloscopes, enabling more efficient exploration of the axion dark matter parameter space in high-frequency regimes.