Bogomol'nyi Equations in Mixed Product Chern-Simons Theories Governing Charged Vortices and Antivortices

TL;DR

This paper develops mixed product Chern-Simons models with vortex and antivortex solutions, establishing topological bounds and analyzing their energy spectra in various configurations.

Contribution

It introduces new mixed gauge models with self-dual equations and explores vortex-antivortex coexistence and associated bounds, extending previous vortex-only results.

Findings

Vortex-antivortex systems have unbounded energy spectra.

Vortex-only systems have energy bounded by a topological limit.

Distinct bounds apply to vortex and antivortex numbers in different configurations.

Abstract

We extend product Chern-Simons theory to develop several mixed $U(1)\times U(1)$ models where one gauge field is governed by a Chern-Simons term and the other by a Maxwell or Born-Infeld term. We show that, by choosing suitable potentials, the energy functional admits a topological lower bound saturated by first-order self-dual equations. The resulting dyonic systems can be divided into vortex-vortex and vortex-antivortex configurations, and the coexistence of vortices and antivortices in the latter extends the vortex-only result known in product Chern-Simons model. On a doubly periodic domain, we establish Bradlow-type bounds with distinct physical implications: for vortex-only systems, the vortex numbers stay below this bound and cannot be arbitrarily large; for vortex-antivortex systems, the bound is imposed on the difference between the vortex and antivortex numbers, while the individual numbers are arbitrary. This distinction results in a bounded energy spectrum for the former and an unbounded energy spectrum for the latter.