Analytical Framework of Airy Beams in Near-Field XL-MIMO: From Ideal Optics to Wireless Reality

TL;DR

This paper develops an analytical framework to understand Airy beam propagation in near-field XL-MIMO systems, accounting for practical constraints like array size and antenna design, and compares their performance to Gaussian beams.

Contribution

It introduces a rigorous theoretical model for Airy beams in realistic wireless XL-MIMO setups, including constraints and performance metrics for practical deployment.

Findings

Derived constraints on array aperture and antenna spacing for distortion-free Airy beams.

Developed quantitative metrics to compare Airy and Gaussian beams.

Numerical validation shows potential for improved spectral efficiency.

Abstract

The synthesis of Airy-profiled wavefronts has emerged as a pivotal paradigm for advanced electromagnetic engineering, attributed to their intrinsic non-diffractive propagation, transverse self-acceleration, and structural self-healing properties. While the advent of extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) and the elevation in frequency bands for sixth generation wireless systems provide the physical foundation for generating such structured beams, their wireless realization is fundamentally governed by hybrid precoding architectures, finite array apertures, and discrete antenna topologies. These constraints induce significant deviations from ideal optical Airy beam models, necessitating a rigorous re-characterization of Airy beams in practical wireless contexts. Consequently, this paper establishes an analytical theoretical framework to explicitly characterize Airy beam propagation in near-field XL-MIMO and derives the constraints on array aperture and antenna spacing to sustain distortion-free main lobe trajectories. Furthermore, quantitative metrics are developed to rigorously evaluate the performance trade-offs between Airy beams and Gaussian focusing beams, thereby providing systematic guidelines for their deployment in scenario-dependent wireless applications. Numerical results corroborate the proposed analytical theoretical framework of Airy beams in near-field XL-MIMO, and demonstrate the potential to achieve robust communication and spectral efficiency (SE) improvement in certain scenarios.