General Grad-Shafranov Equation

TL;DR

This paper presents a unified, differential form-based expression of the Grad-Shafranov equation applicable across various physical scenarios, along with a related scalar field Lagrangian density.

Contribution

It introduces a general form of the Grad-Shafranov equation using differential forms and provides a Lagrangian density for a scalar field satisfying this equation.

Findings

Unified expression of Grad-Shafranov equation for different scenarios

Simplifies derivation of the equation in specific cases

Provides a scalar field Lagrangian density related to the equation

Abstract

To effectively describe the plasma with strong magnetic field, the force-free electrodynamics was introduced, within which the Grad-Shafranov equation plays the key role. The Grad-Shafranov equation governs the global structure of a electromagnetic field in equilibrium with symmetries. It is widely applicable in an amount of scenarios, such as the tokamak, the solar corona, the magnetosphere of Earth, neutron star and black hole, etc. However, in different situations, the Grad-Shafranov equation is expressed differently, and the derivations might be complicated. In this work, via the language of differential form, we provide a general expression of Grad-Shafranov equation, from which the expression in any specific situation can be quickly obtained. Additionally, we present a Lagrangian density for a scalar field whose on-shell condition is precisely the Grad-Shafranov equation.