An Exactly Solvable Absorbing Quantum Walk

TL;DR

This paper presents an exact solution for a continuous-time quantum walk with absorption, revealing duality in absorption probabilities and visualizing the process via phase-space analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a first-principles solvable model of an absorbing quantum walk with a Lindblad boundary sink, providing explicit propagator and first-passage formulas.

Findings

Exact propagator and first-passage statistics derived.

Absorption suppression mechanisms exhibit an exact duality.

Phase-space visualization shows a localized non-Hermitian mode.

Abstract

We introduce and solve from first principles a continuous-time quantum walk with absorption generated by a Lindblad boundary sink of arbitrary strength. Tracing out the sink maps the problem onto a non-Hermitian tight-binding Hamiltonian with a rank-one imaginary defect on the semi infinite line. We obtain closed-form expressions for the exact propagator and first-passage statistics. Weak coupling limits absorption through inefficient transfer into the sink, whereas for strong dissipation, boundary occupation is stunted by the emergence of a localized non-Hermitian mode. Despite the different physical origin of these suppression mechanisms, we show their respective asymptotic absorption probabilities exhibits an exact duality. The evolution is conveniently visualized in phase-space, where the non-Hermitian mode produces a Wigner droplet exponentially confined near the edge site.