Control and Scheduling of Behind-the-Meter Battery Energy Storage Systems for Stacked Grid and Building Services

TL;DR

This paper introduces and experimentally validates a two-stage control strategy for behind-the-meter BESS that optimizes local and grid services, including PV self-consumption, peak reduction, and frequency regulation.

Contribution

It presents a novel scenario-based day-ahead and real-time scheduling framework for BESS that effectively manages multiple services without fixed power commitments.

Findings

Experimental validation on a real building demonstrates effective scheduling.

The strategy successfully balances local and grid service provision.

Results show improved BESS utilization and service delivery.

Abstract

This paper proposes and experimentally validates a two-stage scheduling and control strategy for a behind-the-meter battery energy storage system (BESS) delivering both local and grid services. Considered services are the maximization of PV self-consumption, peak-load reduction, and secondary frequency control (aFRR).The day-ahead stage allocates battery capacity across local and balancing services using a scenario based approach, reflecting potential remuneration from aFRR participation without committing to fixed power availability; in the real-time stage, BESS set-points are computed in a periodic fashion at a high time resolution based on updated information on balancing prices, net load realization and BESS state of charge. The strategy is experimentally validated on a building at the Energypolis Campus of HES-SO Valais (Sion, Switzerland), which exhibits a peak power demand of 300 kW and is equipped with a 264 kWh / 140 kW lithium-ion BESS. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in scheduling and actuating the provision of both behind-the-meter and front-of-the-meter services.