Light-Ion Collisions: Bridging Small and Large QCD Systems

TL;DR

Light-ion collisions at the LHC serve as a crucial bridge between small and large QCD systems, revealing early evidence of quark-gluon plasma formation and connecting various QCD regimes.

Contribution

This paper reviews the motivation and initial experimental results of light-ion collisions at the LHC, highlighting their role in understanding QCD phenomena across different system sizes.

Findings

Strong evidence of quark-gluon plasma in small systems

First experimental results from proton-oxygen, oxygen-oxygen, and neon-neon collisions

Connection between perturbative QCD, hot QCD, and nuclear physics

Abstract

Light-ion collisions at the LHC bridge the gap between small proton-proton and large heavy-ion collision systems, providing a unique laboratory to study the onset of QCD collective phenomena. The first light-ion run at the LHC took place July~1--9, 2025, with proton-oxygen (pO), oxygen-oxygen (OO), and neon-neon (NeNe) collisions. Early experimental results provide strong evidence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation in these small systems. I review the motivation for the light-ion collisions and the first experimental results, connecting perturbative QCD, hot QCD, and low-energy nuclear structure physics.