Decaying spin-3/2 dark matter from baryon number violation

TL;DR

This paper investigates a novel non-supersymmetric spin-3/2 dark matter model with baryon number violation, analyzing its production mechanisms, phenomenology, and experimental constraints within an effective field theory and UV-complete framework.

Contribution

It introduces the leading baryonic portal for spin-3/2 dark matter, explores its production via UV and Boltzmann-suppressed freeze-in, and proposes a composite baryon UV completion.

Findings

Freeze-in production dominates over freeze-out for the model.

Experimental bounds strongly constrain the viable parameter space.

A composite dark QCD-like UV completion naturally generates the effective interactions.

Abstract

We explore an uncharted corner of dark matter phenomenology: non-supersymmetric spin-$3/2$ dark matter with baryon number violating interactions. In an effective field theory description, we identify the leading baryonic portal between the spin-$3/2$ state and Standard Model quarks and show that it can account for the observed dark matter abundance through UV freeze-in and Boltzmann-suppressed freeze-in, while the freeze-out region is completely excluded. The resulting phenomenology is distinctive, with relic production controlled by the competition between baryon-violating single-particle processes and baryon-conserving pair production. We map the viable parameter space against indirect detection, direct detection, and LHC monojet bounds, finding strong complementarity between these probes and especially stringent limits when production and decay are tied to the same operator. We also present a dark QCD-like ultraviolet completion in which the spin-$3/2$ particle arises as a composite baryon, naturally generating the effective interactions and mitigating the main theoretical obstacles of elementary higher-spin states. This framework opens a novel and testable connection between baryonic portals, confining dark sectors, and higher-spin dark matter.