Migration-Driven Demographic Changes: effects on local communities in the canton of Fribourg
Emma Bacci

TL;DR
This study analyzes how migration influences demographic, educational, and housing changes in Fribourg, Switzerland, highlighting persistent, incremental effects that inform local policy planning amid population shifts.
Contribution
It applies advanced difference-in-differences methodology to quantify migration effects on local demographics, education, and housing in a detailed regional context.
Findings
Migration reduces elderly population share.
International inflows increase birth counts.
Migration causes gradual housing and household composition changes.
Abstract
Migration is reshaping demographic landscapes across Europe, raising urgent questions about adapting to rapid population changes. This study examines the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland, which experienced a 30% population increase over the past 15 years, driven by international and internal migration. As local governments face mounting pressures from demographic shifts in housing, education, and social services, understanding the causal effects of migration is essential for evidence-based policymaking. We study how migration reshapes local demographic, educational, and housing outcomes across 112 Fribourg municipalities (2010-2021). Using the intertemporal difference-in-differences estimator of De Chaisemartin and D'Haultfoeuille (2024), which accommodates staggered timing and cumulative, non-binary treatment, we identify the effect of a one-percentage-point increase in cumulative…
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