Performance Characterization of dApps in Open Radio Access Networks

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the performance of dApps in O-RAN environments, comparing bare-metal and container deployments, and explores hardware acceleration to enhance real-time responsiveness.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive performance analysis of dApps across deployment scenarios and proposes hardware offloading as a solution for bottlenecks.

Findings

Containerized dApps have different latency and resource profiles compared to bare-metal.

Offloading to hardware accelerators improves real-time responsiveness.

Identifies key bottlenecks in current dApp deployment approaches.

Abstract

Despite recommendations to deploy real-time Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) applications (dApps) in containerized environments, existing approaches predominantly rely on bare-metal servers. Moreover, current dApp deployments offer limited visibility into the resource usage patterns of both intelligent and non-intelligent dApps, hindering informed deployment decisions. This work addresses these gaps by implementing and evaluating representative dApps across multiple deployment scenarios (bare-metal and containers) to characterize the trade-offs in latency, scalability, and resource utilization. Additionally, we identify key performance bottlenecks and demonstrate how offloading dApps to emerging hardware accelerators, such as smart Network Interface Cards (NICs), can alleviate these limitations and improve real-time responsiveness in O-RAN systems.