Light Deflection and Greybody Bound Around a BTZ-ModMax Black Hole in Plasma Medium

TL;DR

This paper investigates how homogeneous plasma, nonlinear electrodynamics, and spacetime curvature influence light deflection and greybody factors around a BTZ-ModMax black hole, revealing unique signatures and modifications to gravitational lensing and emission spectra.

Contribution

It introduces a modified deflection angle expression considering plasma and nonlinear electrodynamics, and analyzes their effects on greybody factors in lower-dimensional black hole spacetime.

Findings

Plasma and nonlinear electrodynamics significantly alter light deflection angles.

The presence of plasma and ModMax parameters modifies the black hole's emission spectrum.

Distinct signatures from nonlinear electrodynamics are observed compared to vacuum cases.

Abstract

We study the deflection of light in a homogeneous plasma medium around a BTZ-ModMax black hole, focusing on the effects of the ModMax nonlinear electrodynamics parameter and the cosmological constant. Using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem applied to the corresponding optical geometry in plasma, we derive a modified expression for the deflection angle and examine how plasma dispersion alters the gravitational lensing behavior. The influence of the ModMax parameter in the presence of homogeneous plasma is compared with its vacuum counterpart, as well as with the charged and static BTZ black hole cases, revealing distinct signatures arising from nonlinear electrodynamics. This work highlights the combined impact of homogeneous plasma, spacetime curvature, and nonlinear field dynamics on light deflection in lower-dimensional black hole geometries. We further study the greybody factor and analyze how the presence of homogeneous plasma and the ModMax parameter modifies the energy emission spectrum of the black hole. Our results demonstrate that both plasma effects and nonlinear electrodynamics significantly influence the transmission probabilities and emission rates, providing deeper insight into wave propagation and observational signatures in lower-dimensional black hole geometries.