Traveling-wave behavior for Fisher-KPP equations in the hyperbolic space

TL;DR

This paper investigates the propagation and vanishing of solutions to Fisher-KPP equations in hyperbolic space, revealing how diffusion strength and symmetry influence wave behavior and asymptotic spreading speeds.

Contribution

It establishes new results on the propagation-vanishing dichotomy, including the critical case, and characterizes the shape and speed of traveling waves depending on symmetry groups.

Findings

Solutions may propagate or vanish depending on diffusion and reaction balance.

In symmetric cases, the problem reduces to a one-dimensional wave analysis.

Asymptotic spreading speed depends on dimension, unlike in Euclidean space.

Abstract

We study the Cauchy problem in the hyperbolic space for the heat equation with a Fisher-KPP type forcing term. Depending on the relative strength of diffusion, measured by the infimum of the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami operator, as compared to the growth due to the forcing term, solutions may propagate or vanish as time passes. We prove new results concerning this dichotomy that include the critical case where diffusion and reaction are of the same order. If the initial datum possesses some symmetry (invariance under a cohomogeneity one subgroup of the group of isometries of the hyperbolic space), the problem reduces to a unidimensional one. In the case of propagation, the solution to this unidimensional problem converges in shape to an Euclidean traveling wave of minimal speed in an appropriate moving frame. The choice of this frame depends on the subgroup of isometries (elliptic, hyperbolic or parabolic) under which the initial datum is invariant. In contrast with the Euclidean case, the asymptotic spreading speed (in due coordinates) depends on the dimension, while the coefficient of the logarithmic correction in the location of the front does not, no matter the underlying isometry.