From Cortical Synchronous Rhythm to Brain Inspired Learning Mechanism: An Oscillatory Spiking Neural Network with Time-Delayed Coordination

TL;DR

This paper introduces S2-Net, a brain-inspired oscillatory spiking neural network that models neural synchrony through time-delayed coordination, enabling efficient information processing and cognitive functions.

Contribution

It proposes a novel neural network model that integrates micro-scale spiking dynamics with macro-scale oscillatory synchronization for brain-inspired computation.

Findings

Achieved promising results in neural activity decoding.

Demonstrated energy-efficient signal processing.

Enabled temporal binding and semantic reasoning.

Abstract

Human cognition emerges from coordinated spiking dynamics in distributed neural circuits, where information is encoded via both firing rates and precise spike timing determined by brain rhythms. Inspired by this notion, we propose a brain-inspired learning primitive in which cognition-level neural synchrony emerges through iterative bottom-up and top-down interactions between micro-scale dynamics of spiking neurons and a macro-scale mechanism of oscillatory synchronization. Specifically, we model each parcel (e.g., a cortical region or an image pixel) in the target system as a spiking neuron embedded in a predefined connectivity scaffold. Low-level information is encoded in a spatiotemporal domain, where neurons are selectively grouped and fire spontaneously over time through self-organized dynamics. In the bottom-up route, oscillatory synchronization is formed from past spiking activity accumulated over a finite memory window. Since brain dynamics operate in a regime of partial and transient synchronization rather than global phase locking, we model oscillatory coordination using a time-delayed synchronization formulation, which enables a top-down modulation of heterogeneous neural spiking for a large-scale distributed system. Together, we devise a spiking-by-synchronization neural network (S2-Net) that uses rhythmic timing as a control mechanism for efficient information processing. Promising results have been achieved across a broad range of tasks, including neural activity decoding, energy-efficient signal processing, temporal binding and semantic reasoning.