Transfer Learning for Tonal Noise Prediction in VRF Units Using Thermodynamic and Vibration Signals

TL;DR

This paper introduces an unsupervised transfer learning approach using Di-PLS to accurately predict low-frequency noise in VRF units across varying conditions, outperforming traditional models.

Contribution

The study develops a Di-PLS based transfer learning method that enhances noise prediction accuracy in VRF units by extracting cross-condition features from vibration signals.

Findings

Di-PLS significantly outperforms traditional PLS in noise prediction.

Acceleration signals yield the best prediction accuracy, within 3 dB error.

Vibration signals have a stronger causal link to acoustic radiation than thermodynamic signals.

Abstract

The second-order harmonic (2f) component generated by twin-rotary compressor is a dominant low-frequency noise source of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) outdoor units, yet its amplitude fluctuates strongly with environmental thermal load and valve opening, making it difficult to assess accurately using conventional mechanism-based models. This paper proposes an unsupervised transfer learning method based on Domain-invariant Partial Least Squares (Di-PLS) to accurately predict 2f noise levels under new conditions using different signals. Prediction models utilizing thermodynamic signals and acceleration signals are constructed respectively, and the generalization performance of the proposed Di-PLS is systematically compared with traditional Partial Least Squares (PLS). Results demonstrate that Di-PLS significantly outperforms PLS by extracting cross-condition common features and minimizing the distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains. Specifically, the acceleration-based Di-PLS model achieves the best performance, maintaining prediction errors within 3 dB for all test cases. This superiority over thermodynamic-based models highlights a physical insight: while thermodynamic states drive dynamic changes, structural vibration possesses a stronger and more direct causal link to acoustic radiation.