Dilute Zn alloying in biodegradable Mg wires: microstructure, mechanical performance, and degradation behavior

TL;DR

This study investigates how dilute Mg-Zn alloying affects microstructure, mechanical properties, and degradation of biodegradable Mg wires for bone fixation, showing promising performance and biocompatibility.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of Mg-Zn alloys below solubility limit, highlighting their microstructure, mechanical behavior, and degradation for resorbable implants.

Findings

Alloy compositions achieved fine grain sizes of 5.0-5.9 μm.

Tensile strengths ranged from 246-256 MPa with high elongation.

Degradation in simulated body fluid caused rapid loss of mechanical integrity.

Abstract

Dilute Mg-Zn wires are of great interest for biodegradable small-bone fixation, as magnesium degradation can support bone-related processes, while low zinc additions may provide biological benefits without compromising biocompatibility. In this work, the influence of Zn content below the room-temperature solubility limit was assessed in Mg-Zn wires intended for resorbable implant applications. Mg-0.4Zn, Mg-0.6Zn, Mg-0.8Zn, and Mg-1.5Zn alloys were processed by single-step direct hot extrusion into thin wires and characterized by correlative microstructural analysis, tensile testing, bending experiments, and in vitro degradation. All compositions achieved a recrystallized fine equiaxed grain size of 5.0-5.9 um and exhibited ultimate tensile strengths of 246-256 MPa with elongations of 23-28 %. In these thin wires, Zn content had only a limited effect on grain size, tensile properties, and bending behavior, although lower-Zn alloys showed a pronounced sharp yield point. Bending was governed mainly by extrusion texture and preserved reversible plasticity through twinning and detwinning. Simulated body fluid caused rapid localized degradation and loss of mechanical integrity within 7 days, while the biologically more relevant DMEM-based medium better reflected the expected in vivo response. Together, these findings support dilute Mg-Zn wires as a simple material platform for the development of future resorbable bone fixation devices.