Bound states of solitons in fiber lasers

TL;DR

This paper reviews theoretical and experimental research on bound states of dissipative solitons in fiber lasers, highlighting the formation, stabilization, and various configurations of soliton molecules.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical models and recent experimental discoveries related to soliton bound states in fiber lasers.

Findings

Detailed theoretical basis using complex Ginzburg-Landau equations

Experimental evidence of multi-soliton bound states in fibers

Identification of bound states in temporal, frequency, scalar, and vector domains

Abstract

This article presents a systematic review of theoretical and experimental findings for bound states of two and several dissipative solitons in fiber lasers. The theoretical basis underlying the formation and stabilization of soliton molecules in the fibers, which is provided by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equations and bound states of such equations, is presented in necessary detail, which is followed by a detailed presentation of experimental findings, including very recent ones. In particular, included are the results for the multi-soliton bound states in the fibers, as well as for the bound states in the temporal and frequency domains, single-component (scalar) and two-component (vector), two- and multi-soliton modes, as well as for bound states of spatiotemporal dissipative solitons in the lasers based on multimode fibers.