World2VLM: Distilling World Model Imagination into VLMs for Dynamic Spatial Reasoning

TL;DR

This paper introduces World2VLM, a training framework that distills spatial imagination from a world model into vision-language models, enhancing dynamic spatial reasoning without costly inference-time computations.

Contribution

It presents a novel training approach that enables VLMs to internalize spatial imagination using a distillation process from a generative world model.

Findings

World2VLM improves performance on multiple spatial reasoning benchmarks.

It outperforms inference-time world model coupling methods.

The approach eliminates the need for expensive inference-time generation.

Abstract

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown strong performance on static visual understanding, yet they still struggle with dynamic spatial reasoning that requires imagining how scenes evolve under egocentric motion. Recent efforts address this limitation either by scaling spatial supervision with synthetic data or by coupling VLMs with world models at inference time. However, the former often lacks explicit modeling of motion-conditioned state transitions, while the latter incurs substantial computational overhead. In this work, we propose World2VLM, a training framework that distills spatial imagination from a generative world model into a vision-language model. Given an initial observation and a parameterized camera trajectory, we use a view-consistent world model to synthesize geometrically aligned future views and derive structured supervision for both forward (action-to-outcome) and inverse (outcome-to-action) spatial reasoning. We post-train the VLM with a two-stage recipe on a compact dataset generated by this pipeline and evaluate it on multiple spatial reasoning benchmarks. World2VLM delivers consistent improvements over the base model across diverse benchmarks, including SAT-Real, SAT-Synthesized, VSI-Bench, and MindCube. It also outperforms the test-time world-model-coupled methods while eliminating the need for expensive inference-time generation. Our results suggest that world models can serve not only as inference-time tools, but also as effective training-time teachers, enabling VLMs to internalize spatial imagination in a scalable and efficient manner.